Introduction: It has been proposed that differing dietary fats are capable of modulating appetite signalling, possibly altering the amount of food consumed at subsequent meals, and in the long term, body weight.
Methods: Eight normoglycaemic overweight or obese individuals (BMI 32 ± 1.2 kg/m2) randomly completed three single-blinded, fasting breakfast challenges separated by one week. Meals provided 30% of EER and consisted of toasted bread, jam and varying oils, resulting in an isoenergetic control, oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA) meals. The two high fat meals had equal lipid contents and matched levels of the specifically elevated fat. Blood samples were collected via an intravenous cannula at baseline (1 ¼ h pre-consumption), and 1 and 2h post -consumption. Appetite parameters were assessed immediately before consumption and 2 hours postprandially with visual analogue scale questionnaires. Serum adiponectin, ghrelin, leptin, adipsin, CRP, GIP, GLP-1, glucagon, insulin, PAI-1, resistin and visfatin were quantified using a Bioplex multiplex suspension array system.
Results: The LA meal resulted in a net increase in Ghrelin AUC over the sampling period compared to the control meal, accompanied by no change to postprandial prospective food intake perception. The LA meal resulted in a net increase in adiponectin AUC and absolute increase over the sampling period compared to the control and high oleic acid meals. No other measurements were affected by meal type consumed.
Discussion: The increase in Ghrelin and lack of change in post prandial prospective food intake in response to the high linoleic acid meal may show a dysregualtion in satiety signalling and appetite control. The reason for the acute increase in adiponectin following the consumption of the linoleic acid meal is unclear and requires further investigation.